Fwd: Science X Newsletter Thursday, May 22

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From: Newsletter Phys.org <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: Fri, May 23, 2014 at 2:21 AM
Subject: Science X Newsletter Thursday, May 22
To: Pascal Alter <pascal.alter@gmail.com>

Dear Pascal Alter,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for May 22, 2014:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Forty-six transistors constructed on six CNTs is most complicated device of its kind to date
- Researchers uncover secret of eumelanin pigment's ability to absorb a broad spectrum of light
- WISE findings poke hole in black hole 'doughnut' theory
- The control of dendritic branching by mitochondria
- Ancient DNA ends Aussie claim to kiwi origins
- Researchers find a way to integrate two two-dimensional materials into a single electronic device
- New graphene-type material created
- Fruit flies show mark of intelligence in thinking before they act
- Indoor mapping iOS solution bypasses Wi-Fi, Bluetooth beacons (w/ Video)
- Not all diamonds are forever: Researchers see nanodiamonds created in coal fade away in seconds
- Pitch black: Cosmic clumps cast the darkest shadows
- Collecting biological specimens essential to science and conservation
- Discovery of how Taxol works could lead to better anticancer drugs
- One molecule to block both pain and itch
- Blocking pain receptors found to extend lifespan in mammals

Astronomy & Space news

	Orion in final assembly at Kennedy Space Center Lockheed Martin and NASA engineers have started the process of installing the largest heat shield ever built onto the Orion spacecraft's crew module. The heat shield installation marks one of the final steps in the spacecraft's assembly leading up to its first test flight, Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1), later this year.
	New supernova likely arose from massive Wolf-Rayet star They've been identified as possible causes for supernovae for a while, but until now, there was a lack of evidence linking massive Wolf-Rayet stars to these star explosions. A new study was able to find a "likely" link between this star type and a supernova called SN 2013cu, however.
Avoiding deep impact: UCF, NASA study spaceship teamwork Visiting Mars in 2030 is going to take some engineering ingenuity, but making sure astronauts make the long, cramped journey without driving each other crazy is going to be just as tricky.
	Forum highlights future of research aboard the International Space Station To highlight the direction for life and physical sciences aboard the International Space Station, a panel of experts gathered May 21 for the Destination Station: International Space Station Science Forum. This forum, the first in a new series of public discussions dedicated to research aboard the station, emphasized current and future microgravity research that will prepare astronauts for long-duration missions farther into the solar system than ever before and provide lasting benefits to life on Earth.
	Citizen scientists to attempt to communicate with old spacecraft (Phys.org) —NASA has given a green light to a group of citizen scientists attempting to breathe new scientific life into a more than 35-year old agency spacecraft.
	Curiosity rover moving to next target NASA's rover Curiosity said 'Goodbye Kimberley' having fulfilled her objectives of drilling into a cold red sandstone slab, sampling the tantalizing grey colored interior and pelting the fresh bore hole with a pinpoint series of parting laser blasts before seeking new adventures on the road ahead towards the inviting slopes of Mount Sharp, her ultimate destination.
	Potential weekend meteor shower will also affect the moon If the hoped-for meteor blast materializes this Friday night / Saturday morning (May 23-24) Earth won't be the only world getting peppered with debris strewn by comet 209P/LINEAR. The moon will zoom through the comet's dusty filaments in tandem with us. Bill Cooke, lead for NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office, alerts skywatchers to the possibility of lunar meteorite impacts starting around 9:30 p.m. CDT Friday night through 6 a.m. CDT (2:30-11 UTC) Saturday morning with a peak around 1-3 a.m. CDT (6-8 UTC).
Classified US satellite launched into space The Air Force has launched a top-secret satellite.
	Search for extraterrestrial intelligence gets hearing on Hill Dan Werthimer, who directs Berkeley's new SETI Research Center, summarized current efforts to search for extraterrestrial intelligence at a hearing today (Wednesday, May 21) of the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
	First broadband wireless connection... to the Moon?! If future generations were to live and work on the moon or on a distant asteroid, they would probably want a broadband connection to communicate with home bases back on Earth. They may even want to watch their favorite Earth-based TV show. That may now be possible thanks to a team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory who, working with NASA last fall, demonstrated for the first time that a data communication technology exists that can provide space dwellers with the connectivity we all enjoy here on Earth, enabling large data transfers and even high-definition video streaming.
	Staying alive: Rescue mission for disco-era satellite It's plunging back through space, but also back through time, and a band of veteran scientists are determined to save it: a lonely satellite from the age of disco, floating homewards without a mission.
	Mars weather camera helps find new crater on red planet (Phys.org) —Researchers have discovered on the Red Planet the largest fresh meteor-impact crater ever firmly documented with before-and-after images. The images were captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
	Pitch black: Cosmic clumps cast the darkest shadows (Phys.org) —Astronomers have found cosmic clumps so dark, dense and dusty that they throw the deepest shadows ever recorded. Infrared observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of these blackest-of-black regions paradoxically light the way to understanding how the brightest stars form.
	WISE findings poke hole in black hole 'doughnut' theory (Phys.org) —A survey of more than 170,000 supermassive black holes, using NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), has astronomers reexamining a decades-old theory about the varying appearances of these interstellar objects.

Medicine & Health news

Researchers seek best methods for screening and counting HIV in the hospital The fight against HIV remains a top priority for physicians across the country—and includes questions on how best to understand its prevalence and when to test patients for the virus.
	Scientists seek to identify predictors of risky behaviors among teenagers What makes the adolescent brain so susceptible to taking risks? Virginia Tech scientists are recruiting as many as 150 teenagers to help them find out.
	Technology supports diabetic patients and their doctors Diabetes affects around 10% of the population; according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The disease places a huge financial burden on healthcare systems, and also leads to early death and poor quality of life. However, patients and healthcare professionals will now be able to partner up and manage the illness in better, more effective ways.
Medical students may benefit from social media guidance Medical students use social media extensively, but medical schools may need to offer more guidance in potential pitfalls, according to Penn State College of Medicine researchers.
In-store clinics, 'telemedicine' and the death of windfall malpractice judgments Diminishing windfall medical malpractice judgments for inadvertent bumps and bruises might make some lawyers sick.
	Gene therapy extends survival in an animal model of spinal muscular atrophy To make up for insufficient amounts of SMN protein, the cause of the inherited neuromuscular disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), researchers have successfully delivered a replacement SMN1 gene directly to the spinal cords of animal models of SMA. A new study demonstrating that enough copies of the SMN1 gene can be delivered to the spinal cord motor neurons to extend the survival of the treated animals is published in Human Gene Therapy.
EuroPCR 2014 examines vascular response and long-term safety of bioresorbable scaffolds At EuroPCR 2014 yesterday, experts discussed the development in evidence for bioresorbable vascular scaffolds, which represent an era of vascular restoration in interventional cardiology. The available data were analysed and participants heard that bioresorbable fixed strut vascular scaffolds are associated with increased acute thrombogenicity due to flow disturbances. This means that patients who are implanted with these devices need to receive ongoing dual antiplatelet therapy. The panellists also pointed out that endothelialisation is further delayed when these devices are used compared with when thin strut drug-eluting stents are used.
California counties sue over painkiller marketing Two California counties have filed a lawsuit accusing five drug companies of waging a campaign of deception to boost the sales of painkillers behind the nation's prescription drug addiction problem.
	One-third of all brain aneurysms rupture: The size is not a significant risk factor The lifetime risk for rupture of a brain aneurysm depends heavily on the patient's overall load of risk factors. However, a recent study by researchers from the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital demonstrated that the size of an aneurysm has no great significance on the risk of rupture.
Patients with a certain form of kidney disease may have a reduced risk of cancer Patients with a certain form of kidney disease may have a reduced risk of cancer compared with patients with other kidney diseases, according to a study appearing in an upcoming issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN).
Clinical trials designed to block autophagy in multiple cancers show promise In the largest group of results to date, researchers from Penn Medicine's Abramson Cancer Center and other institutions have shown in clinical trials that the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) blocked autophagy in a host of aggressive cancers—glioblastoma, melanoma, lymphoma and myeloma, renal and colon cancers—and in some cases helped stabilize disease. Autophagy—an essential process cancer cells need to fuel their growth—is a key troublemaker spurring tumor growth. Block this pathway, many preclinical studies suggest, and anti-cancer agents such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy will be able to do their job better.
	Could cannabis curb seizures? Experts weed through the evidence The therapeutic potential of medical marijuana and pure cannabidiol (CBD), an active substance in the cannabis plant, for neurologic conditions is highly debated. A series of articles published in Epilepsia, a journal of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), examine the potential use of medical marijuana and CBD in treating severe forms of epilepsy such as Dravet syndrome.
New insights into premature ejaculation could lead to better diagnosis and treatment There are many misconceptions and unknowns about premature ejaculation in the medical community and the general population. Two papers, both being published simultaneously in Sexual Medicine and the Journal of Sexual Medicine, provide much-needed answers that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for affected men.
	Exercise impacts adipose tissue via eNOS mechanisms (HealthDay)—There is a crucial role played by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the metabolic adaptation of subcutaneous adipose tissue to exercise training, according to an animal study published online May 13 in Diabetes.
	Painful and rapid spread of new virus in Caribbean They suffer searing headaches, a burning fever and so much pain in their joints they can barely walk or use their hands. It's like having a terrible flu combined with an abrupt case of arthritis.
	From muscle in motion to exercise in ageing (w/ Video) This summer will see elite athletes in action in events such as the Commonwealth Games and the football World Cup. Improving performance at the highest levels is a serious multi-million industry where the scientific study of exercise can turn the movements of also-rans into the motions of winners. But understanding the fundamental biomechanics and physiology of the human body can benefit millions of people, not just sports stars, as they age.
	Researchers identify key mechanism in metabolic pathway that fuels cancers In a breakthrough discovery at the Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern (CRI), a research team led by Ralph DeBerardinis, M.D., Ph.D., has taken a significant step in cracking the code of an atypical metabolic pathway that allows certain cancerous tumors to thrive, providing a possible roadmap for defeating such cancers.
	Are youth sports about the kids or the parents? The saying "Do as I say, not as I do" might be applied to some parents at youth sporting events.
Researchers find equine nasal strip reduces lung damage, may improve performance As debate continues on the decision to allow California Chrome to wear a nasal strip in the Belmont Stakes, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine researchers who tested the product say the focus should be on the nasal strip's health benefits and not on possible performance enhancement.
	Nerves of endearment: How a gentle touch affects emotions A soft and tender caress between two people can trigger a flood of emotions, and now we may have some idea why.
	Muscle strengthening exercise, protein and vitamin D could be the best medicine for type 2 diabetics (Medical Xpress)—Sometimes the best medicine doesn't come in a bottle. And for people with type 2 diabetes, a healthy diet, losing weight and regular exercise is often all that is needed to manage the condition.
	The science of school lunch In terms of ambience, Charlotte Central's cafeteria is—well, conjure up your own elementary school lunch experience. There's more than one reason to run to recess. But on a recent visit to observe a group of researchers from UVM's Johnson Lab, the lunch ladies were serving up something more likely to be found on a restaurant menu: risotto with mushrooms and peas. It's the result of a host of programs by schools around Vermont to offer more tempting choices—with locally sourced ingredients when possible, including herbs and vegetables from the playground garden—and to get children to eat more healthfully. But is it working?
	Trial confirms promise of stratified lung cancer treatment (Medical Xpress)—Routine tests that look for multiple, specific genetic changes in patients' lung tumours could help doctors select targeted treatments, a US study has confirmed.
	Visual hallucinations more common than previously thought (Medical Xpress)—Vivid hallucinations experienced by people with sight loss last far longer and have more serious consequences than previously thought, according to new research from King's College London and the Macular Society.
	Cholesterol plays a key role in cell migration University of Barcelona's researchers led by Professor Carles Enrich, from the Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Barcelona (UB) and CELLEX Biomedical Research Centre of IDIBAPS, have found that cholesterol plays a key role in cell mobility and tissue invasion. The results of the study prove that the accumulation of LDL cholesterol cells —the one carried by low-density lipoproteins— may play a crucial role in promoting cell mobility. On the contrary, high levels of HDL cholesterol —the one carried by high-density lipoproteins— may avoid cell propagation. This is a key study to better understand cancer metastasis, the process in which cancer cells invade healthy tissues, and foster the discussion on the relationship between cholesterol levels and cancer incidence.
	Study underscores benefits of clinical massage therapy for chronic lower back pain (Medical Xpress)—Clinical massage therapy has alleviated chronic lower back pain (CLBP) in patients who participated in a recent University of Kentucky study of complementary therapies.
	Biomedical engineers offer update for blood-sampling process (Medical Xpress)—Dr. Erwin Berthier studied biomedical engineering because he wanted to change the world. Since he co-founded Tasso, Inc., his dream of making a difference in people's lives is one step closer to reality.
	Intuitions about the causes of rising obesity are often wrong, researchers report Everything you think you know about the causes of rising obesity in the U.S. might be wrong, researchers say in a new report.
Sweden to sue EU for delay on hormone disrupting chemicals Sweden on Thursday said it would sue the European Commission over a delay in identifying harmful chemicals in everyday products, which it blamed on chemical industry lobbying.
Drug-target database lets researchers match old drugs to new uses There are thousands of drugs that silence many thousands of cancer-causing genetic abnormalities. Some of these drugs are in use now, but many of these drugs are sitting on shelves or could be used beyond the disease for which they were originally approved. Repurposing these drugs depends on matching drugs to targets. A study recently published in the journal Bioinformatics describes a new database and pattern-matching algorithm that allows researchers to evaluate rational drugs and drug combinations, and also recommends a new drug combination to treat drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer.
Exploring the link between non-suicidal self injury, attempted suicide and adolescent identity (Medical Xpress)—Around half (45.5%) of 'Alternative' teenagers self-injure and nearly 1 in 5 (17.2%) attempt suicide, according to scientists at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow and researchers from the University of Ulm, Germany.
Higher discharge rate for BPD in children and adolescents in the US compared to UK A study published in the June 2014 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry found a very much higher discharge rate for pediatric bipolar (PBD) in children and adolescents aged 1-19 years in the US compared to England between the years 2000-2010.
Aggressive behavior observed after alcohol-related priming Researchers from California State University, Long Beach, the University of Kent and the University of Missouri collaborated on a study to test whether briefly exposing participants to alcohol-related terms increases aggressive behavior. It has been well documented by previous research that the consumption of alcohol is directly linked to an increase in aggression and other behavioral extremes. But can simply seeing alcohol-related words have a similar effect on aggressive behavior?
A new target for alcoholism treatment: Kappa opioid receptors The list of brain receptor targets for opiates reads like a fraternity: Mu Delta Kappa. The mu opioid receptor is the primary target for morphine and endogenous opioids like endorphin, whereas the delta opioid receptor shows the highest affinity for endogenous enkephalins. The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is very interesting, but the least understood of the opiate receptor family.
Prescription drugs play an increased role in traffic deaths As states across the country explore the relaxation of marijuana laws, the changes have sparked widespread debate about the actions' impact on public safety. According to a West Virginia University School of Public Health study recently published by the journal Accident Analysis & Prevention, automobile fatalities linked to drug use have risen sharply over the last decade. However, the role of illegal drugs in these crashes has declined.
	Newly separated most at risk of suicidal thoughts Men and women are most likely to have suicidal thoughts within a year of a marriage or de-facto relationship breakup, new ANU research has found.
	Screening for autism: There's an app for that Most schools across the United States provide simple vision tests to their students—not to prescribe glasses, but to identify potential problems and recommend a trip to the optometrist. Researchers are now on the cusp of providing the same kind of service for autism.
	Scientists provide insight into the pathology of Sanfilippo A syndrome Sanfilippo A syndrome or Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disease inherited from the parents of the patient. Lysosomes are the body's vehicle for breaking down many of its by-products such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and cellular debris. The spherical vesicles are known to contain 50 different enzymes which are all active around an acidic environment of about pH 5.
US obesity epidemic making all segments of the nation fatter, study finds The nation's obesity epidemic is striking all groups of Americans, affecting those with more education and those with less education, as well as all ethnic groups, according to a new analysis that challenges prevailing assumptions about the reasons why the nation is getting heavier.
Being Sardinian puts a smile on the face of the elderly Residents of the Italian island of Sardinia are known for their longevity. Now, a new study also shows that elderly Sardinians are less depressed and generally are in a better mental frame of mind than peers living elsewhere. The study, led by Maria Chiara Fastame and Maria Pietronilla Penna of the University of Cagliari in Italy and Paul Hitchcott from the Southampton Solent University in UK, is published in Springer's journal Applied Research in Quality of Life.
What is being said in the media and academic literature about neurostimulation? Over the past several decades, neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have gradually gained favour in the public eye. In a new report, published yesterday in the prestigious scientific journal Neuron, IRCM ethics experts raise important questions about the rising tide of tDCS coverage in the media, while regulatory action is lacking and ethical issues need to be addressed.
Safety in numbers: Moderate drinking in a group reduces attraction to risk New research led by the University of Kent shows that individuals who have consumed moderate amounts of alcohol in social situations are likely to view risky situations with greater caution when considering them as part of a group.
	Low-carb vegan diet may reduce heart disease risk and weight Researchers at St. Michael's Hospital have shown for the first time that, in addition to weight loss, a specific low-carbohydrate diet may also reduce the risk of heart disease by 10 per cent over 10 years.
Supportive tissue in tumors hinders, rather than helps, pancreatic cancer Fibrous tissue long suspected of making pancreatic cancer worse actually supports an immune attack that slows tumor progression but cannot overcome it, scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center report in the journal Cancer Cell.
	Genes discovered linking circadian clock with eating schedule For most people, the urge to eat a meal or snack comes at a few, predictable times during the waking part of the day. But for those with a rare syndrome, hunger comes at unwanted hours, interrupts sleep and causes overeating.
	Gene behind unhealthy adipose tissue identified Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have for the first time identified a gene driving the development of pernicious adipose tissue in humans. The findings imply, which are published in the scientific journal Cell Metabolism, that the gene may constitute a risk factor promoting the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
	Deciphered the process through which cells optimize metabolism to burn sugars or fats In the latest edition of Cell Metabolism, CNIC scientists describe the process by which cells optimize and regulate their capacity to use sugars or fats as fuel sources. As lead author José Antonio Enríquez explains, 'the real digestion of foods takes place in all the cells of the body.' While some cells preferentially consume sugars, others feed mostly on fats, and others can switch from one nutrient to another.
	'I can' mentality goes long way after childbirth The way a woman feels about tackling everyday physical activities, including exercise, may be a predictor of how much weight she'll retain years after childbirth says a Michigan State University professor.
Some pancreatic cancer treatments may be going after the wrong targets, study finds New research represents a significant change in the understanding of how pancreatic cancer grows – and how it might be defeated.
	Antibiotic crisis needs united global response, experts say Growing resistance to antibiotics and other drugs demands a coordinated global response on the same scale as efforts to address climate change, experts say.
Signals found that recruit host animals' cells, enabling breast cancer metastasis Working with mice, Johns Hopkins researchers report they have identified chemical signals that certain breast cancers use to recruit two types of normal cells needed for the cancers' spread. A description of the findings appears in the online early May edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Study shows how common obesity gene contributes to weight gain Researchers have discovered how a gene commonly linked to obesity—FTO—contributes to weight gain. The study shows that variations in FTO indirectly affect the function of the primary cilium, a little-understood hair-like appendage on brain and other cells. Specific abnormalities of cilium molecules, in turn, increase body weight, in some instances, by affecting the function of receptors for leptin, a hormone that suppresses appetite. The findings, made in mice, suggest that it might be possible to modify obesity through interventions that alter the function of the cilium, according to scientists at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC).
Paraguay warns of dengue risk during World Cup Authorities in Paraguay raised the alert Thursday against dengue fever while the World Cup is underway next month in neighboring Brazil, where the mosquito-born illness is rampant in some regions.
	In food poisoning probes, officials call for Yelp New York City is using a novel way to uncover cases of food poisoning—reading Yelp restaurant reviews.
Researchers identify pattern of cognitive risks in some children with cochlear implants Children with profound deafness who receive a cochlear implant had as much as five times the risk of having delays in areas of working memory, controlled attention, planning and conceptual learning as children with normal hearing, according to Indiana University research published May 22 in the Journal of the American Medical Association Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery.
	Kidney transplant patients live longer than those in intensive home hemodialysis A first-ever study from a large Canadian centre found that kidney transplant recipients lived longer and had better treatment success than patients on intensive home hemodialysis, but also had an increased risk of being hospitalized within the first year.
	Women with diabetes 44 percent more likely to develop coronary heart disease than men A systematic review and meta-analysis of some 850,000 people published in Diabetologia (the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes) shows that women with diabetes are 44% more likely to develop coronary heart disease (CHD) than men with diabetes independent of sex differences in the levels of other major cardiovascular risk factors. The research is by Professor Rachel Huxley, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Australia; Dr Sanne Peters, University of Cambridge, UK, and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Professor Mark Woodward, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
	Biofilm defense: Mechanisms and actions of a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials Last month WHO issued a report that warned of an increase of antimicrobial-resistance and the renewed threat of bacterial infections world-wide and called for a concerted effort to develop new and better antimicrobial drugs. A study published on May 22nd in PLOS Pathogens reveals how a new type of anti-microbial substance interferes with biofilms formed by several dangerous bacteria.
	Repeated sexual assault victims report more psychological problems than previously thought According to recent studies, one in five adult women and one in 100 adult men have reported being raped. The prevalence increases to two in five among women and one in five among men who report experiencing other forms of sexual violence, such as repeated unwanted sexual contact and sexual coercion. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have determined that those victims who are repeatedly assaulted, but not necessarily violently raped, show greater levels of psycho-behavioral consequences than earlier thought. The researchers suggest that understanding patterns of sexual victimization and related consequences will help develop strategies to combat sexual assault frequency among adolescents.
Swiss organisation extends assisted suicide to elderly A Swiss assisted suicide group has expanded its services to help elderly patients who are sick but not terminally ill end their lives, it said Thursday.
	Sharp rise in ER visits tied to abuse of sedative, study finds (HealthDay)—There's been a steep increase in the number of Americans being treated at emergency departments for abuse of the sedative alprazolam, best known as Xanax, federal officials reported Thursday.
	FDA OKs test to improve blood donor-recipient matching (HealthDay)—The first gene-based test to help determine red blood cell compatibility between a blood donor and a recipient has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
	Illegal online meds targeted in worldwide crackdown, FDA says (HealthDay)—Illegal online pharmacies that sell unapproved and potentially dangerous prescription drugs to Americans were targeted this week in a worldwide operation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Thursday.
	Scoliosis tied to more back problems regardless of Tx (HealthDay)—Adults with idiopathic scoliosis have a higher prevalence of back problems, compared to individuals without scoliosis, according to a study published in the May 15 issue of Spine.
	ASCO: No benefit for immediate ADT after PSA-only relapse (HealthDay)—For men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only-based relapse after prostate surgery or radiation therapy, there seems to be little or no survival benefit for immediate initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). These findings have been released in advance of presentation at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held from May 30 to June 3 in Chicago.
	Scientists find new way to combat drug resistance in skin cancer Rapid resistance to vemurafenib – a treatment for a type of advanced melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer – could be prevented by blocking a druggable family of proteins, according to research published in Nature Communications today.
	Releasing the neuronal brakes for learning (Medical Xpress)—Learning can only occur if certain neuronal "brakes" are released. As the group led by Andreas Lüthi at the Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research has now discovered, learning processes in the brain are dynamically regulated by various types of interneurons. The new connections essential for learning can only be established if inhibitory inputs from interneurons are reduced at the right moment. These findings have now been published in Nature.
Scientists catch misguided DNA-repair proteins in the act Scientists led by a group of researchers at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) in La Jolla, CA, have discovered some of the key proteins involved in one type of DNA repair gone awry.
Researchers identify fat-storage gene mutation that may increase diabetes risk Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a mutation in a fat-storage gene that appears to increase the risk for type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders, according to a study published online today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Molecule acts as umpire to make tough life-or-death calls Researchers have demonstrated that an enzyme required for animal survival after birth functions like an umpire, making the tough calls required for a balanced response to signals that determine if cells live or die. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists led the study, which was published online and appears in the May 22 edition of the scientific journal Cell.
	How the gut feeling shapes fear We are all familiar with that uncomfortable feeling in our stomach when faced with a threatening situation. By studying rats, researchers at ETH Zurich have been able to prove for the first time that our 'gut instinct' has a significant impact on how we react to fear.
	Blocking pain receptors found to extend lifespan in mammals Blocking a pain receptor in mice not only extends their lifespan, it also gives them a more youthful metabolism, including an improved insulin response that allows them to deal better with high blood sugar.
	One molecule to block both pain and itch Duke University researchers have found an antibody that simultaneously blocks the sensations of pain and itching in studies with mice.
	Despite economic blows, infant health has improved among US poor Despite worsening economic conditions for those at the bottom, infant health has steadily improved among the most disadvantaged Americans, according to a review published in Science by Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
	Scientists identify potential vaccine candidate for pediatric malaria Researchers have identified a substance, or antigen, that generates antibodies that can hinder the ability of malaria parasites to multiply, which may protect against severe malaria infection.
	The control of dendritic branching by mitochondria (Medical Xpress)—A fundamental difference between neurons in real brains and those in artificial neural networks is the way the neurons in each are connected. In artificial nets, the synapses between neurons often have adjustable strengths, but the structure and scale of the input dendritic field generally counts for little. For real neurons, where a "connection" between cells is not just a synapse but rather a whole net unto itself, structure and scale are everything. The architect of this dendritic structure is neither a DNA code nor a spontaneous developmental physics that condenses order from a protein-lipid chaos. This structure is in fact the byproduct of competitive, yet cooperative mitochondria that administer that code to themselves and to their host to control its interaction with other similarly controlled hosts.

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