 | | The threat of catastrophic flooding continues today across South Carolina, where at least five people have died. Mic Smith/Associated Press | Your Monday Briefing By ADEEL HASSAN |
| Good morning. |
| Here's what you need to know: |
| • Extreme weather. |
| The threat of catastrophic flooding continues today across South Carolina, as moisture from Hurricane Joaquin feeds a low-pressure system. Officials attributed at least five deaths to the flooding. |
| And the death toll in Guatemala is 131, with 300 missing, after rain caused a hillside to collapse and bury 125 houses. |
| • Nobel Prize week. |
| Three scientists whose work greatly improved the treatment of devastating parasitic diseases were announced today as the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. |
| The awards in physics and chemistry will be announced in the next few days. Note to scientists: Answer your phone this week! |
| Prizes in literature, peace and economics will follow. |
| • Airstrike shuts Afghan hospital. |
| The humanitarian group Doctors Without Borders is leaving Kunduz after this weekend's airstrike, which drew an international outcry over the U.S. record on civilian casualties in Afghanistan. |
| On Saturday, 22 people, including 12 hospital staff members, were killed and the intensive care unit destroyed. The closing leaves little medical care in Kunduz and neighboring districts. |
| • Supreme Court in session. |
| It's the first Monday in October and that means a new term opens today. Experts will be watching to see if the last term's leftward drift and acrimony were anomalies or something more lasting. |
| The court will consider the fate of public-sector unions and affirmative action in higher education. It could also decide its first major abortion case since 2007, and revisit the clash between religious liberty and contraception coverage. |
| • Migrants move faster than officials. |
| Turkey's president is in Brussels today to meet with E.U. leaders about the refugee crisis. |
| About 5,000 migrants arrive in Greece each day from Turkey, which already hosts two million Syrian refugees. Europe may offer more aid, while Turkey may ask for more action to end the war in Syria. |
| • Calls for gun control. |
| Everytown for Gun Safety, a group whose goal is to prevent gun violence, releases today a report urging the Obama administration to reinforce existing laws as an immediate step to reduce gun-related crimes. |
| And Hillary Rodham Clinton will issue proposals today to curb gun violence, following those announced by Martin O'Malley, also a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. |
| • Vatican meeting on family issues. |
| Pope Francis and about 270 bishops from around the world are debating questions including divorce, homosexuality and contraception at a three-week synod that began on Sunday. |
| The first part of the synod, in 2014, called for a more welcoming approach to gays, unmarried couples and divorced Catholics who remarry. On Saturday, the Vatican dismissed a Polish priest in Rome after he said he had a gay partner. |
| MARKETS |
| • American Apparel, a one-time leader in made-in-America cool, filed for bankruptcy court protection today, crippled by huge debts, falling sales and a legal battle with its founder. |
| It plans to keep open its manufacturing operation in Los Angeles and its 130 U.S. stores. |
| • Apple and Google are again the world's most valuable brands, according to today's annual Interbrand Best Global Brands report. |
| Among other tech names, Microsoft is No. 4, IBM is fifth, Samsung is seventh and Amazon 10th. Coca-Cola, Toyota, General Electric and McDonald's also made the top 10. |
| • Greece today unveils a draft 2016 budget, setting out tax increases and spending cuts promised to its international creditors. |
| Eurozone finance ministers meeting today in Luxembourg will most likely take a close look as they discuss when Greece will get its next bailout money. |
| • Wall Street stock futures show little change this morning. European and Asian shares rallied. |
| OVER THE WEEKEND |
| • The father of the gunman who killed nine people at an Oregon community college called on the nation to change its gun laws, as the close-knit lumber town of Roseburg continued to mourn. |
| • A profile of mass killers shows how much they look and seem like so many others who do not inflict harm, The Times reported. |
| We also followed the trail of how they got their guns. |
| • Israel barred most of Jerusalem's Palestinian residents from entering the Old City, after a Palestinian teenager fatally stabbed two ultra-Orthodox Jewish men. |
| • Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and Hillary Rodham Clinton made dueling speeches to an influential gay rights group. |
| Mrs. Clinton also picked up a major endorsement, from the National Education Association. |
| • Donald J. Trump kept his lead in the Republican presidential field, while Jeb Bush wrestled with how to use his brother George in his campaign. |
| • New mortgage rules took effect to make it easier for U.S. consumers to compare loan offers. |
| • "The Martian," directed by Ridley Scott, led the North American box office. |
| • Catching up on TV: Episode recaps for the season finale of "Fear the Walking Dead," the season premieres of "Homeland" and "The Leftovers," and a review of Hillary Rodham Clinton on "Saturday Night Live." |
| NOTEWORTHY |
| • Global poverty falls. |
| The World Bank estimates that 9.6 percent of the world's population is living in extreme poverty this year, down from 12.8 percent in 2012. |
| • Winners. |
| The Packers, Broncos, Bengals and Panthers joined the idle Patriots as the only unbeaten teams in the N.F.L. (Scores and highlights.) |
| And the Nationals' Max Scherzer tossed his second no-hitter of the season, becoming the first pitcher to have two since Nolan Ryan in 1973. Baseball's postseason begins Tuesday. (Scores and season recap.) |
| • Atypical college applicant. |
| Malia Obama, a 17-year-old high school senior, is narrowing her choices from a list of Ivy League schools, liberal arts colleges and at least one public university. |
| BACK STORY |
| PBS, the American public broadcasting service perhaps best known for its children's programming, began 45 years ago today. |
| The distributor of "Sesame Street," "Nova," "Frontline" and many imported series has more than 350 member stations today, giving it access to an incredible 94 percent of U.S. households. |
| The nonprofit broadcaster has often ranked high in polls asking which institutions the American public trusts. |
| But the plethora of BBC shows that it syndicates, like "Downton Abbey" and "Wolf Hall," has prompted some to suggest that PBS stands for Primarily British Series. |
| And it has rankled plenty along the way, and not just during its annual pledge drive. |
| It also enraged the Nixon administration by broadcasting the Watergate hearings in prime time. And many critics say PBS's politics skew liberal. |
| But even the liberal Bill Moyers, long a fixture of PBS news shows, has come down on the broadcaster. |
| "Night after night, the realities of life for the vast majority of Americans rarely show up on public television," he told Harper's Magazine. |
| "Our Washington coverage, by design or not, serves up 'news' the way the butler serves tea on 'Downton Abbey,' so as not to disturb the master class." |
| Victoria Shannon contributed reporting. |
| Your Morning Briefing is published weekdays at 6 a.m. Eastern and updated on the web all morning. |
| What would you like to see here? Contact us at briefing@nytimes.com. |
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