 | | A billboard in Nairobi, Kenya, to welcome President Obama, who will arrive on Friday. Simon Maina/Agence France-Presse - Getty Images | Your Thursday Briefing By ADEEL HASSAN |
| Good morning. |
| Here's what you need to know: |
| • Returning to his roots. |
| President Obama leaves tonight for Kenya, where he'll be treated like a native son, to attend the Global Entrepreneurship Summit meeting. |
| Many children, roads and schools bear Mr. Obama's name in Kenya, where his father was born and many of his relatives live. His first trip there was nearly 30 years ago. |
| • In Baghdad. |
| Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter is in Iraq on an unannounced visit today as American and Iraqi military officials finished plans for an assault meant to retake Ramadi from the Sunni militant group known as the Islamic State. |
| • Minimum-wage raises gain ground. |
| New York State is expected to order an increase in the minimum wage to $15 an hour for fast-food workers over the next few years, despite warnings from restaurant owners that it would force them to reduce the size of staff or increase menu prices. |
| In another of a string of victories for labor leaders, the University of California system plans to increase base pay for workers and contractors to $15 an hour. |
| • Immigrant status. |
| A report out today says a vast majority of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. — up to 87 percent — would have "a degree of protection" to remain in the country under Obama administration programs. |
| A separate study says the number of Mexican immigrants in the U.S., legally and illegally, fell by more than half in 2012 from its peak in 2003. |
| • Donald J. Trump heads to the border. |
| In Laredo, Tex., the candidate for the Republican presidential nomination holds a news conference today, and meets members of the union that represents U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents and speaks to law enforcement officers. |
| Mr. Trump has called Mexican immigrants rapists and drug-bearing criminals. |
| • Questions about jail death. |
| Family members and the authorities have differing reports of the mental state of Sandra Bland, the 28-year-old black woman who died in jail after a traffic stop on July 10 in Texas. |
| Some legal experts have raised questions about whether Ms. Bland should have been arrested. The Texas Rangers and the F.B.I. are investigating, but Ms. Bland's family is seeking an independent inquiry. |
| MARKETS |
| • The European Commission is pursuing antitrust charges over pay-TV issues against six Hollywood studios including Disney, Warner Bros. and 21st Century Fox. |
| • The Financial Times's owner, Pearson, said today it was in advanced talks to sell the newspaper. |
| • Anthem, one of the biggest U.S. health insurers, could clinch a deal to buy Cigna this week after raising its previous takeover offer to about $48 billion, people briefed on the matter said. |
| That would come only a few weeks after Aetna agreed to buy Humana for $37 billion. |
| • More than 100 prominent oncologists, in an article published today, call for support of a grass-roots movement to stem the rapid price increases in cancer drugs. |
| • Wall Street stock futures are inching ahead. European and Asian stocks are higher. |
| NOTEWORTHY |
| • Soccer stunner. |
| Jamaica, the 76th-ranked team in the world, will play Mexico in the Gold Cup final in Philadelphia on Sunday after shocking the United States, 2-1, on Wednesday before a sold-out crowd in Atlanta. |
| The men's soccer tournament of teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean is held every two years. |
| • Lawsuit against Bill Cosby moves ahead. |
| The California Supreme Court rejected Bill Cosby's move to block a civil case brought by Judy Huth that accuses him of sexually assaulting her as a 15-year-old at the Playboy Mansion in Los Angeles in the 1970s. |
| A lawyer for Ms. Huth says she intends to take Mr. Cosby's sworn deposition within the next 30 days. His lawyers made no comment. |
| • New police chief in Ferguson, Mo. |
| Andre Anderson takes over today as the interim police chief in the predominantly black St. Louis suburb, nearly a year after Michael Brown's killing roiled racial tensions there. |
| Chief Anderson, 50, who is black, is on a six-month loan from the Phoenix suburb of Glendale, where he is known for his community outreach skills. |
| • Deep thoughts. |
| A 12-day festival celebrating the Irish playwright Samuel Beckett begins today in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland. |
| Among the examinations of his work, and others inspired by the author, is the Berliner Ensemble theater company's stylized take on his play "Waiting for Godot" next week. |
| • E-cigarettes meet espressos. |
| Caffeine inhalers, with active ingredients like guarana, taurine and ginseng, are spreading across the U.S. |
| One company's $9 inhaler contains only two milligrams of caffeine, compared with about 150 milligrams in many 12-ounce cups of coffee, but it says 10 to 20 puffs constitutes a standard serving. |
BACK STORY
|
| It's National Hot Dog Day, the perfect time to celebrate a summer classic. |
| The frankfurter came to the U.S. with immigrants from Germany, and the wienerwurst, or wiener, came with those from Austria. |
| Some believe that the Germans always ate their sausages with bread. |
| Others say the practice began at Coney Island in Brooklyn in the late 1860s or early 1870s, when a German immigrant, Charles Feltman, began selling hot sausages wrapped in a roll. |
| By the 1890s, baseball parks were selling them — and calling them hot dogs. |
| The origin of the name is disputed, but some say many of the immigrant vendors brought their dachshunds along, so the carts came to be called dog wagons. |
| Then came the jokes that the meat was from dogs. |
| Back to Mr. Feltman. He made enough money to start a restaurant where hot dogs sold for 10 cents. One of his employees, Nathan Handwerker, began selling his own hot dogs nearby in 1916, charging a nickel — and creating a New York legend. |
| In 1939, Coney Island honored Nathan's Famous hot dogs by organizing the first National Hot Dog Day. |
| Victoria Shannon contributed reporting. |
| Your Morning Briefing is published weekdays at 6 a.m. Eastern and updated on the web all morning. |
| What would you like to see here? Contact us at briefing@nytimes.com. |
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