środa, 27 lipca 2016

Fwd: Science Times: Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things

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From: NYTimes.com <nytdirect@nytimes.com>
Date: Tue, Jul 26, 2016 at 1:33 PM
Subject: Science Times: Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things
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Monday, July 25, 2016

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Monday, July 25, 2016

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William F. Martin says that the Last Universal Common Ancestor can be traced back to deep sea vents like this one off the Galápagos.
William F. Martin says that the Last Universal Common Ancestor can be traced back to deep sea vents like this one off the Galápagos. Universal History Archive/UIG, via Getty Images
Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things
By NICHOLAS WADE
A single-cell, bacterium-like organism clinging to volcanic sea vents may have been the forebear of every animal, plant and microbe on earth.
 
Claire Walker Johnson, 55, of Queens, developed Type 2 diabetes and a fatty liver, among other problems related to obesity, despite weighing only 119 pounds. She eventually found she had lipodystrophy, a rare genetic disorder.
Andrew White for The New York Times
The Science of Fat
By GINA KOLATA
A small group of thin patients who develop disorders typically tied to obesity pose a medical mystery and a potential opportunity for scientists.
A new map based on brain scan data collected by the Human Connectome Project. The data revealed 97 new regions, bringing the total to 180.
Matthew F. Glasser, David C. Van Essen
By CARL ZIMMER
Data from 1,200 brain scans performed as part of the Human Connectome Project allowed researchers to unveil the brain's hidden geography.
Orlando Yassene, a Yao honey-hunter, holding a male greater honeyguide that was temporarily captured for research in the Niassa National Reserve in Mozambique.
Claire Spottiswoode
By NATALIE ANGIER
Tribesmen and honeyguides share an ancient pact and communicate in trills and grunts, scientists report. The shared goal: beehives full of honey and wax.

Antoine Maillard
By MENNO SCHILTHUIZEN
In the extremity of the urban environment, natural selection is transforming species in unexpected ways.
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A false-color image of Venus's cloud tops, captured by the Venus Express spacecraft from a distance of 30,000 kilometers in 2011.
How Mountains Obscured by Venus's Clouds Reveal Themselves
By NICHOLAS ST. FLEUR
Data from Europe's Venus Express spacecraft has helped researchers better understand the hurricane-like winds that blast the second planet from the sun.
Evernia lichens with protruding lobes, like the species E. prunastri shown above, contain a type of fungus called basidiomycete yeast. These yeasts are newly thought to be involved in lichen symbiosis.
Two's Company, Three's a Lichen?
By STEPH YIN
New research challenges the one fungus-one alga paradigm of how lichens form.
Personality Change May Be Early Sign of Dementia, Experts Say
By PAM BELLUCK
A new diagnosis, mild behavioral impairment, is being proposed, including a 34-question checklist to one day identify people at greater risk for Alzheimer's.
The Debunker
Headlines from websites from July 20, 2016. From top to bottom: NBC News, FOX News, The Philadelphia Inquirer, U.P.I., U.S. News and World Report.
Flawed Study of Advanced Prostate Cancer Spreads False Alarm
By DENISE GRADY
Widespread reports of a big increase in advanced prostate cancer were based on a study whose methodology has been criticized.
Global Health
A new study suggests that Africans have become shorter since the end of the colonial era.
Adults Have Become Shorter in Many Countries
By DONALD G. MCNEIL JR.
Average heights appear to have peaked 30 to 40 years ago and have declined slightly since then, according to results compiled from 1,472 studies.
 
A tooth from a man buried in Quebec during the 18th or 19th century who had had rickets. Scientists recently reported that teeth contain enduring records of vitamin D deficiency.
Old Teeth Tell New Stories About People Who Didn't Get Enough Sun
By JOANNA KLEIN

Ants March Differently, Depending on Direction
By JAMES GORMAN

New Zealand's flightless kiwi is one of the native birds endangered by rats and weasels.
New Zealand Vows to Wipe Out Rats and Other Invasive Predators by 2050
By AUSTIN RAMZY

The Otherworldly Polka Dots of Spotted Lake
By JOANNA KLEIN

Pallid sturgeon were once abundant along the Missouri River.
A Fish Outlived the Dinosaurs. Can It Outlast a Dam?
By JOANNA KLEIN

Q&A
Should you be listed as an organ donor on your driver's license if you are a cancer survivor?
By C. CLAIBORNE RAY

 
Health
Ask Well
Is 'Generic Viagra' Legitimate?
By CATHERINE SAINT LOUIS

Cutting Sugar Rapidly Improves Heart Health Markers
By RACHEL RABKIN PEACHMAN

Meet the Super Flasher: Some Menopausal Women Suffer Years of Hot Flashes
By TARA PARKER-POPE

Lifting Lighter Weights Can Be Just as Effective as Heavy Ones
By GRETCHEN REYNOLDS

Marijuana Edibles Are Getting Into Colorado Children's Hands, Study Says
By JAN HOFFMAN

Personal Health
The Hazards of Ankle Sprains
By JANE E. BRODY

 
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