Fwd: Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Jan 6

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Newsletter Phys.org <not-for-reply@physorg.com>
Date: Wed, Jan 7, 2015 at 2:55 AM
Subject: Science X Newsletter Tuesday, Jan 6
To: Pascal Alter <pascal.alter@gmail.com>

Dear Pascal Alter,

Here is your customized Phys.org Newsletter for January 6, 2015:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

- Hubble discovers that Milky Way core drives wind at 2 million miles per hour
- 'Flying carpet' technique uses graphene to deliver one-two punch of anticancer drugs
- Eight new planets found in 'Goldilocks' zone
- Chandra detects record-breaking outburst from Milky Way's black hole
- Posting a lot of selfies may suggest anti-social traits
- Years-long 'silent quake' unleashed Fukushima tsunami
- Team finds new genetic and epigenetic contributors to diabetes
- New details revealed in the coordinated regulation of large stretches of DNA
- Researchers map direct gut-brain connection
- New technology enables ultra-fast steering and shaping of light beams
- Toyota to give away fuel-cell patents to boost industry
- Peat fires—a legacy of carbon up in smoke
- Study casts doubt on mammoth-killing cosmic impact
- Researchers uncover key cancer-promoting gene
- Computer model explains how animals select actions with rewarding outcomes

Astronomy & Space news

	Chandra detects record-breaking outburst from Milky Way's black hole (Phys.org)—Astronomers have observed the largest X-ray flare ever detected from the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. This event, detected by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, raises questions about the behavior of this giant black hole and its surrounding environment.
	Hubble discovers that Milky Way core drives wind at 2 million miles per hour (Phys.org)—At a time when our earliest human ancestors had recently mastered walking upright, the heart of our Milky Way galaxy underwent a titanic eruption, driving gases and other material outward at 2 million miles per hour.
	Eight new planets found in 'Goldilocks' zone Astronomers announced today that they have found eight new planets in the "Goldilocks" zone of their stars, orbiting at a distance where liquid water can exist on the planet's surface. This doubles the number of small planets (less than twice the diameter of Earth) believed to be in the habitable zone of their parent stars. Among these eight, the team identified two that are the most similar to Earth of any known exoplanets to date.
	New image brings galaxy diversity to life A compelling new image from Gemini Observatory peers into the heart of a group of galaxies (VV166) traveling through space together. The variety of galactic forms range from a perfect spiral, to featureless blobs and present, at a glance, a sampling of the diversity and evolution of galaxies.
	Hubble goes high-def to revisit the iconic 'Pillars of Creation' (Phys.org)—Although NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has taken many breathtaking images of the universe, one snapshot stands out from the rest: the iconic view of the so-called "Pillars of Creation." The jaw-dropping photo, taken in 1995, revealed never-before-seen details of three giant columns of cold gas bathed in the scorching ultraviolet light from a cluster of young, massive stars in a small region of the Eagle Nebula, or M16.
	Hubble's high-definition panoramic view of the Andromeda galaxy (Phys.org)—The largest NASA Hubble Space Telescope image ever assembled, this sweeping bird's-eye view of a portion of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) is the sharpest large composite image ever taken of our galactic next-door neighbor. Though the galaxy is over 2 million light-years away, The Hubble Space Telescope is powerful enough to resolve individual stars in a 61,000-light-year-long stretch of the galaxy's pancake-shaped disk. It's like photographing a beach and resolving individual grains of sand. And there are lots of stars in this sweeping view—over 100 million, with some of them in thousands of star clusters seen embedded in the disk.
	The Magellanic Clouds may be much larger than astronomers caluclated (Phys.org)—The Magellanic Clouds are the two brightest nearby satellite galaxies to our own Milky Way galaxy. From a new study it appears that not only are they much bigger than astronomers calculated, but also have non-uniform structure at their outer edge, hinting at a rich and complex field of debris left over from their formation and interaction. This is an early result from a survey called SMASH, for "Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History", carried out by an international team of astronomers using telescopes that include the Blanco 4-meter at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile and presented today at the 225th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle, Washington.
	Rocket glitch forces SpaceX to abort landmark launch (Update) A last-minute glitch forced SpaceX to abort a landmark bid Tuesday to transform rocket science into a recyclable industry by landing the first stage of the Falcon 9 on an ocean platform.
	Potential signs of ancient life in Mars rover photos A careful study of images taken by the NASA rover Curiosity has revealed intriguing similarities between ancient sedimentary rocks on Mars and structures shaped by microbes on Earth. The findings suggest, but do not prove, that life may have existed earlier on the Red Planet.
	Planet-hunting satellite observes supermassive black hole If you want to see just how far BYU's latest research extends, step outside of your house tonight, look up towards the sky, focus your view between the constellations of Cygnus and Lyra, and then zoom in about 100 million light years.
	Gemini Planet Imager produces stunning observations in its first year Stunning exoplanet images and spectra from the first year of science operations with the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) were featured today in a press conference at the 225th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Seattle, Washington. The Gemini Planet Imager GPI is an advanced instrument designed to observe the environments close to bright stars to detect and study Jupiter-like exoplanets (planets around other stars) and see protostellar material (disk, rings) that might be lurking next to the star.
	SpaceX aims for pre-dawn launch to the space station A SpaceX rocket stands poised at Cape Canaveral, Florida, for a pre-dawn flight to the International Space Station.
	ESA's orbital experiment with a force-reflecting joystick In a milestone for space robotics, the International Space Station has hosted the first full run of ESA's experiment with a force-reflecting joystick.
	Space exploration promises to be spectacular in 2015 There is no doubt that 2014 was a fantastic year for planetary sciences – the high points were the successful landing of Philae on comet 67P, the discovery of methane by the Curiosity rover on Mars and a doubling in the number of known exoplanets.
	What makes one Earth-like planet more habitable than another? When it comes to finding the right kind of planet to target in the search for life elsewhere in the universe, the size of the planet matters.
	Get a change of view of Mercury's north pole It's always good to get a little change of perspective, and with this image we achieve just that: it's a view of Mercury's north pole projected as it might be seen from above a slightly more southerly latitude. Thanks to the MESSENGER spacecraft, with which this image was originally acquired, as well as the Arecibo Observatory here on Earth, scientists now know that these polar craters contain large deposits of water ice – which may seem surprising on an airless and searing-hot planet located so close to the Sun but not when you realize that the interiors of these craters never actually receive sunlight.
	New Project Scientist for Mars Rover The new project scientist for Mars Rover Curiosity is Ashwin Vasavada of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. Vasavada had been deputy project scientist for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project since 2004—five years before the name Curiosity was chosen for the project's rover.

Medicine & Health news

	MRI scan sensitive to metabolic changes reveals brain differences in bipolar disorder Sometimes, a new way of looking at something can bring to light an entirely new perspective.
	Researchers find clue to cause of tics in Tourette syndrome The tics seen in Tourette syndrome may be caused by the loss of specific neurons in the brain, a Yale University study has demonstrated.
	Team finds new genetic and epigenetic contributors to diabetes An analysis of the genomes and epigenomes of lean and obese mice and humans has turned up a wealth of clues about how genes and the environment conspire to trigger diabetes, Johns Hopkins researchers say. Their findings reveal that obesity-induced changes to the epigenome—reversible chemical "tags" on DNA—are surprisingly similar in mice and humans, and might provide a new route to prevention and treatment of the disease, which affects hundreds of millions worldwide. A report on the study appears Jan. 6 in the journal Cell Metabolism.
	Researchers map direct gut-brain connection After each one of those big meals you ate over the holidays, the cells lining your stomach and intestines released hormones into the bloodstream to signal the brain that you were full and should stop eating.
	Posting a lot of selfies may suggest anti-social traits The picture isn't pretty for guys who post a lot of selfies on social media sites like Facebook and Instagram.
	Researchers uncover key cancer-promoting gene One of the mysteries in cancer biology is how one protein, TGF-beta, can both stop cancer from forming and encourage its aggressive growth.
	Study pinpoints autism-linked protein for sculpting brain connections Shortly after birth, human brains expand rapidly with the experience of an entirely new world. During this period, neurons in the newborn brain compete with one another to form lasting connections, called synapses.
	Exercise allows you to age optimally Staying active allows you to age optimally, according to a study by King's College London and the University of Birmingham. The study of amateur older cyclists found that many had levels of physiological function that would place them at a much younger age compared to the general population; debunking the common assumption that ageing automatically makes you more frail.
Ischemic micro-lesions associated with flow-diverting stents for aneurysms The use of flow-diverting stents to treat intracranial aneurysms appears safe and highly successful. Recently, however, there have been reports of ischemic complications occurring in brain territories supplied by the parent artery in which the stent is placed and in brain regions fed by small arterial branches whose ostia are covered by the stent.
	Men's diets are related to local offerings, unlike women's Canadian men's eating habits are associated with the availability of healthy food sources in their residential neighbourhood but women's are not, according to researchers at the University of Montreal and its affiliated CHUM hospital.
	After the New Year, shoppers make healthier purchases but don't cut the regular less-healthy ones Do you resolve to eat healthier and lose weight in 2015? Watch out for this "healthy illusion" discovered by researchers at the Cornell Food and Brand Lab.
Liver cirrhosis more common than previously thought, study finds Cirrhosis of the liver is more common than previously thought, affecting more than 633,000 adults yearly, according to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.
	Wealthy, male, educated, singletons risk highest alcohol consumption in later life A decade long research project into the drinking habits of over 45s has found that rich, educated, single males are at greatest risk of failing to cut their drinking habits in later life.
	Oxford Vaccine Group begins first trial of new Ebola vaccine Oxford University doctors and scientists are starting the first safety trial of an experimental preventative Ebola vaccine regimen being developed by the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson (Janssen).
	Tips for a healthier you in 2015 One of the most common New Year's resolutions is to eat healthier. Here, Christine Clark, dietitian for Northeastern University Dining Services and University Health and Counseling Services, offers five strategies for improving your eating habits and overall health in 2015.
	What every parent should know about concussions This fall, the deaths of three high school football players were linked to direct head injuries on the field of play and one collegiate football player's death has been potentially attributed to unresolved post concussion syndrome. Even though these athletes were football players, any sporting or recreational events can pose a risk for concussions and head injuries.
	Study rules out spiders as common cause of bacterial infections in humans Can spiders be carriers of human pathogens? Can they provoke an infection through a break in the skin?
Study finds college campus tobacco-free policies are effective Amanda Fallin, assistant research professor at the University of Kentucky College of Nursing, recently published a study, "Association of Campus Tobacco Policies With Secondhand Smoke Exposure, Intention to Smoke on Campus, and Attitudes About Outdoor Smoking Restrictions, in the American Journal of Public Health."
Ohio's diversion program effective in helping juvenile offenders with mental health disorders An evaluation of Ohio's Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice (BHJJ) initiative in 11 counties by social work researchers at Case Western Reserve University found the program benefits most young offenders diverted from detention centers to community-based agencies to treat mental health issues, drug problems or both.
	Canadian children need improved pain management in emergency departments A pediatrics professor at the University of Alberta has found that children in emergency departments across Canada are likely being undertreated for pain.
	Why people start and stick with yoga As the new year begins, millions of Americans will start off 2015 in pursuit of some resolution, whether it's quitting smoking, landing a better job, or getting in shape for warmer weather. Many will likely turn to some form of yoga, a discipline that has exploded across the country in the last few decades. Yoga not only increases strength and flexibility, it has been shown to improve outcomes for people with everything from arthritis to asthma. Now, a pioneering study by a researcher at UConn's Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention (CHIP) has shed new light on why people start practicing yoga, and what makes them likely to stick with it over the long haul. The results suggest that it's less about fitness, and more about faith.
	Why most food labels are wrong about calories Food labels seem to provide all the information a thoughtful consumer needs, so counting calories should be simple. But things get tricky because food labels tell only half the story.
	Fitness expert says portion control, exercise key to weight management The holidays are robust with huge dinners, parties and festivities that make it easy to overindulge without realizing it. But there are several ways to strike a balance between maintaining holiday merriment and weight management. What's important, according to Len Kravitz, associate professor of Exercise Science at the University of New Mexico, is to stick with an exercise program, if you're on one, or to move more when you eat more.
New study challenges link between HLA class I hyperexpression in pancreas and type 1 diabetes The cause of type 1 diabetes remains unknown. Several studies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) have independently reported hyperexpression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I on pancreatic islet cells in young patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Investigators have therefore suggested that HLA hyperexpression may be an important first step in the development of type 1 diabetes. However, a new study in The American Journal of Pathology challenges these findings and reports that results differ when quantitative molecular techniques are applied instead of IHC. The investigators suggest that the previously reported model may require reexamination.
New drug design enhances brain signaling by a factor of 1,000 Chemical-biological research from the University of Copenhagen sheds light on important communication processes in the brain by means of new effective molecules that improve the starting point provided by nature by more than 1,000 times. In the long term, this new knowledge may lead to psychopharmacological drugs with fewer side effects. The results have just been published in the recognised journals Nature Communications and Angewandte Chemie.
Feijoa and blackberry help reduce inflammation Feijoa and blackberry are two fruits with a strong anti-inflammatory effect that could help people with inflammatory diseases, according to recent research from the University of Auckland.
	Symbolic gestures, magical thinking: New Year's resolutions "I will definitely give up smoking – that's my New Year's resolution," she stated emphatically as she thumped her fist on the table to underline her determination. "All very well", I thought, as I sat opposite her in my medical consulting room in October.
	Scientists uncover surprising new tools to rejuvenate the brain Scientists used to believe that our neurologic fate was sealed at birth with a single, lifetime allotment of brain cells.
	More attention to cost-utility analyses urged in spine care (HealthDay)—More attention to cost-utility analyses (CUA) research and the quality of these studies is needed in spine care, according to the authors of a review published in the Jan. 1 issue of Spine.
	Article highlights top management challenges for 2015 (HealthDay)—Considerable challenges are projected to impact practice management in 2015, according to an article published in Medical Economics.
	Health care-linked infections up costs in cardiac surgery (HealthDay)—Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are strongly linked to hospital costs, length of stay, and readmission, according to research published in the Jan. 6 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
	Study calls for student nurses to be prepared for violence A considerable number of Western Australian nursing students are exposed to aggression and violence while on clinical placement, it has been revealed in new research from Murdoch University.
	Research shows protective effects of exercise Depending on your age, just one exercise session may improve the body's ability to overcome stressors by potentially boosting the antioxidant system. These results are part of Tinna Traustadóttir's study published this month in Age, the Journal of the American Aging Association.
International research gives neuroscientists better feeling about sense of touch Our sense of touch is one we often take for granted, until our leg falls asleep and we aren't able to stand, or when we experience acute pain. The sense of touch also has been taken for granted in neuroscience, where it's the sense scientists know the least about.
Pneumonia risk far higher for HIV-positive children, study shows HIV-positive children in developing countries are six times more likely to die from pneumonia than children without the virus, research suggests.
	Surgery for obesity is linked to longer survival Obese people seem likely to live longer if they have bariatric surgery (for obesity) than if they don't—with 53 percent lower risk of dying from any cause at five to 14 years after the procedure. So concluded a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) involving 2,500 obese patients and nearly 7,500 matched controls. All of them were receiving care at medical centers across the United States in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health system.
	Early blood glucose control lengthens life in people with type 1 diabetes People with type 1 diabetes who intensively control their blood glucose (blood sugar) early in their disease are likely to live longer than those who do not, according to research funded by the National Institutes of Health. The findings are the latest results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its follow-up, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Control and Complications (EDIC) study. Results were published online Jan. 6 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Study finds low rate of complications with assisted reproductive technology procedures In the United States from 2000-2011, autologous (woman uses her own egg) and donor assisted reproductive technology procedures were associated with low complication risks, according to a study in the January 6 issue of JAMA.
	HPV vaccination not associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis, study shows Although some reports have suggested a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and development of multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases (a group of central nervous system disorders), a follow-up of girls and women in Denmark and Sweden who received this vaccination found no increased risk for these disorders, according to a study in the January 6 issue of JAMA.
Study finds substantially shorter life expectancy for patients with type 1 diabetes For patients with type 1 diabetes in Scotland, at age 20 years, the average man has an estimated life expectancy loss of about 11 years; for women, it is 13 years, compared with the general Scottish population without type 1 diabetes, according to a study in the January 6 issue of JAMA.
	Unveiling how rotavirus causes infection Researchers from Griffith University's Institute for Glycomics and the University of Melbourne have significantly advanced understanding of a virus that kills up to half a million children each year.
	12-year study confirms overall safety of measles vaccines A 12-year study of two measles-containing vaccines, published today in Pediatrics, found that seven main adverse outcomes were unlikely after either vaccine.
Why do only some people with hereditary heart disease experience symptoms? As many as 500,000 people in the United States have a heritable and potentially fatal heart disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
	Positive personality traits may protect police at high risk for PTSD Personal traits such as resilience, satisfaction with life and a grateful disposition may help shield police officers from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of a natural disaster.
In US, six people die daily from alcohol poisoning An average of six people die from alcohol poisoning every day in the United States, according to a US government report out Tuesday.
Drug stimulates brown fat and boosts metabolism Researchers publishing in the January 6 issue of Cell Metabolism have discovered that a drug FDA-approved to treat overactive bladder may boost brown fat's metabolic powers, making it a promising candidate for combatting obesity. Unlike energy-storing white fat, brown fat burns energy to generate heat, which can help maintain body weight and prevent obesity in rodents.
How to sell the drugs of the future Only a decade ago, basing medical treatment on your DNA seemed like science fiction. Not any more. Thanks in part to the sequencing of the human genome, personalized medicine (PM), a specific course of treatment developed for the individual patient, is now science fact.
	Study finds conditions of retirement can lead to substance abuse disorders among older adults Close to three million Americans aged 55 and older suffer from alcohol abuse—and this figure is expected to reach nearly 6 million by 2020. While alcohol abuse remains prevalent among them, the rate of illicit drug abuse in adults over 50 more than doubled between 2002 and 2013.
	Smokers, the obese, have markedly higher health-care costs than peers A new study finds that smokers and the obese ring up substantially higher annual health care costs than their nonsmoking, non-obese peers. The added costs are highest among women, non-Hispanic whites and older adults, the study reports.
	An unexpected way to recover from a breakup Breaking up is truly hard to do. And recovery from a breakup can be even harder. Your friends may consul you to put the whole thing out of your mind. But new research suggests that repeatedly reflecting on a break-up - even through participation in a research study - actually speeds emotional recovery.
New whole blood assay may help overcome roadblocks to TB eradication One of the roadblocks to the eradication of tuberculosis (TB) is the difficulty in identifying patients with latent TB infections (LTBI). Neither the tuberculin skin test (TST) nor interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are capable of distinguishing active from latent infection or predicting the chance of reactivation. A new multiple-target, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) TaqMan assay targeting eight human immune markers can differentiate active pulmonary TB from LTBI, according to a study in the Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.
Potential option for treating chronic kidney disease People with chronic kidney disease often have an overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, which contributes to increased risk for cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke.
	Study quantifies the effect of depressive thoughts on memory For people with depressed mood, memory and concentration difficulties are often a day-to-day reality, greatly affecting job performance and personal relationships. While those with the disorder report that these cognitive problems are some of the most deeply troubling, previous studies have been unable to observe this phenomenon in a laboratory setting. In a study published online today in Cognition and Emotion, researchers at the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas are the first to substantiate memory deficits in individuals with depressed mood. The findings may have implications for the way cognitive deficits are diagnosed and treated in depression.
	Knee arthritis drugs beat placebos, but study finds no clear winner (HealthDay)—Pain-relieving treatments for knee arthritis all work better than doing nothing—but it's hard to point to a clear winner, a new research review concluded.
	Keeping safe in a big freeze (HealthDay)—As a new cold snap sends temperatures plunging across much of the United States, one expert offers tips on how to stay warm and safe.
	Financial factors most motivating in nurses' retirement choices (HealthDay)—Older nurses report leaving the workforce before retirement or pension age primarily for financial, social, and health reasons, according to a study published online Dec. 19 in the Journal of Clinical Nursing.
RSV infection may be associated with higher risk for bacterial pneumonia Two common and sometimes dangerous respiratory diseases, a viral one caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and a bacterial one caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae may be linked, suggests a study published in this week's PLOS Medicine.
	Novel imaging technique improves prostate cancer detection In 2014, prostate cancer was the leading cause of newly diagnosed cancers in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Writing in the January 6, 2015 issue of the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease, a team of scientists and physicians from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, with counterparts at University of California, Los Angeles, describe a novel imaging technique that measurably improves upon current prostate imaging - and may have significant implications for how patients with prostate cancer are ultimately treated.
Almost three-quarters of parents turn car seats to face forward too early Using a rear-facing car seat until a child is age two reduces risk of serious injury, but close to one-quarter of parents report they turned the seat around before their child was even one year old, according to a new University of Michigan study.
	Study finds body clock protects metabolic health UC Irvine scientists studying the role of circadian rhythms in skin stem cells found that this clock plays a key role in coordinating daily metabolic cycles and cell division.
AAT drug may prevent deadly infections Ben Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) researchers have discovered that alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) could prevent deadly infections in immune system-compromised patients.
Nearly one in five women who undergo hysterectomy may not need the procedure It is estimated that one in three women in the United States will have had a hysterectomy by the age of 60. Although the numbers of hysterectomies are decreasing, a new study of more than three thousand women in Michigan who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications reveals that alternatives to hysterectomy are being underused and that treatment guidelines are often not followed. Post-surgical pathology showed that nearly one in five (18%) of hysterectomies that were done for benign indications were unnecessary, and that nearly two in five (37.8%) of women under 40 had unsupportive pathology, reports the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
Primary care physicians more likely to recommend careers as nurse practitioners The continuing shortage of primary care physicians is expected to only worsen, as the expansion of health coverage under the Affordable Care Act increases the demand for primary care services. Recommendations for meeting the crisis have included both increasing the supply of primary care physicians and expanding the roles of primary care nurse practitioners. But while several physician groups have opposed the perceived replacement of physicians with nurse practitioners as primary care clinicians, a recent survey finds that more physicians would recommend that qualified students pursue careers as nurse practitioners than as primary care physicians. The report from a multi-institutional research team has been published online in Academic Medicine.
	Drug overdose epidemic to recede soon A study by researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is the first to apply Farr's Law on the rise and fall of epidemics to an outbreak that isn't, strictly speaking, infectious in origin: drug overdoses.
	CDC: Outpatient visits for flu-like symptoms up (HealthDay)—The current flu season, already off to a rough start, continues to get worse, with 43 states now reporting widespread flu activity and 21 child deaths so far, U.S. health officials said Monday.
	Research paper says women in prison need and want treatment for physical and sexual abuse Women in prison want and need specific treatment for traumas such as physical and sexual abuse, a new research paper says.
	Remapping the damaged brain Scientists at the RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, along with researchers from the AIST Human Technology Research Institute in Japan, have identified a time-dependent interplay between two brain regions that contributes to the recovery of motor function after focal brain damage, such as a stroke. Published in the Journal of Neuroscience, the research shows that when motor functions are remapped through rehabilitative training, brain regions relatively distant from a lesion are recruited during the initial stages and functional connections with regions near the lesion are strengthened during the latter stages.
	Targeting fatty acids may be treatment strategy for arthritis, leukemia Enzymes linked to diabetes and obesity appear to play key roles in arthritis and leukemia, potentially opening up new avenues for treating these diverse diseases, according to new research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
	Genetic clue points to most vulnerable children Some children are more sensitive to their environments, for better and for worse. Now Duke University researchers have identified a gene variant that may serve as a marker for these children, who are among society's most vulnerable.
	For ER patients, self-reported drug ingestion history poor (HealthDay)—For patients presenting to the emergency department, self-reported drug ingestion histories are poor when confirmed by urine comprehensive drug screen (CDS), according to a study published in the January issue of The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
	Following AAP guidelines averts kernicterus in jaundiced infants (HealthDay)—Newborns with significant jaundice are not likely to develop kernicterus if American Academy of Pediatrics' treatment guidelines are followed, according to a new study published online Jan. 5 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	About 1 in 7 older adults has some form of lung disease: CDC (HealthDay)—Nearly 15 percent, or about one out of seven, middle-aged and older U.S. adults suffer from lung disorders such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), health officials said Tuesday.
Poor vitamin D status linked to longer respiratory support in ICU patients, study finds Vitamin D status may influence the duration of respiratory support needed for surgical intensive care patients, according to a new cohort study conducted by researchers at Boston's Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
	One battle in the war over Mexico's agave spirits In 2011 and 2012, Mexico was the site of a battle over precisely how agave-based liquors could be branded or marketed. In the end, as outlined in a new paper in the journal Gastronomica, U.S. bartenders, retailers, and consumers played a key role in the debate – which raises some interesting questions about how to best protect local food customs and producers.
Heart condition twice as common in Indigenous people Research from the University of Adelaide shows Indigenous Australians suffer from a serious heart rhythm disorder twice as commonly as non-Indigenous people.
Adolescent major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey A recent study published in the January 2015 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry underscores the important public health significance of depression among U.S. adolescents.
New campaign to reduce child sugar intake The reduction in sugar intake which can be made by making four simple adjustments to daily diet has been measured in a new study by the University of Reading and partners Public Health England and Netmums.
Brazil investigates alleged health care scam (Update) Brazil's Justice Ministry says it will investigate doctors and medical supply providers suspected of overcharging the public health care system for prostheses.
23andMe and Genentech to analyze genomic data for Parkinson's disease 23andMe, Inc., the leading personal genetics company, today announced an agreement with Genentech, a member of the Roche Group (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY), to generate whole genome sequencing data for approximately 3,000 people in 23andMe's Parkinson's disease community. The goal of the collaboration is to identify new therapeutic targets for treating Parkinson's disease.
	The 'Berlin patient,' first and only person cured of HIV, speaks out Timothy Ray Brown, long known only as the "Berlin Patient" had HIV for 12 years before he became the first person in the world to be cured of the infection following a stem cell transplant in 2007. He recalls his many years of illness, a series of difficult decisions, and his long road to recovery in the first-person account, "I Am the Berlin Patient: A Personal Reflection."
	What motivates males who commit sexual assault on campus? The shocking statistic that about one in five women will be the victim of sexual assault while in college is made even more so by the fact that most of those women will know their assailants. No one-size-fits-all approach to rape prevention will be effective, as some offenders are driven by hostility toward women, while others may objectify women and view forceful intercourse as part of expected male dominant behavior. These different motivations and views on rape, and how they can be used to deliver rape prevention measures and successful intervention strategies are explored in an article in Violence and Gender.
More choice may lead to higher costs in ACA marketplaces, study finds Having more health plan choices may not be better for people who buy subsidized coverage through marketplaces created under the Affordable Care Act.
Enterotrack commercializing device for non-invasive inflammation monitoring EnteroTrack, LLC and the University of Colorado (CU) have executed an exclusive license agreement that will allow the company to develop and market a novel device to monitor inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

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